Anxiety sensitivity means fear of anxiety-related sensations which is one of the important factors in the development and maintenance of substance-related disorders. Studies support the underlying, mediating, and moderating role of this construct in the etiology of substancerelated disorders. This review suggests that anxiety sensitivity can play a role in this group of disorders in different ways, such as fear of body sensations, fear of cognitive dyscontrol, and fear of socially observable anxiety symptoms. Finally, high anxiety sensitivity can interfere with the treatment of substance-related disorders as an underlying vulnerability and increase the likelihood of relapse in this group of people.